Adolf Hitler: A story that was never told

Throughout the existence of mankind, it has been inspired by the deeds of some extraordinary and great individuals. These great individuals have taught us that circumstances don't dictate the destiny of any one, an individual's own believes, ethics, morality and above all his actions define the destiny of a man. Extraordinary individuals like Mahatama Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, John Lennon, JFK and Mother Teresa have showed mankind, that there is no limitation to human potential. If your cause is just, your intentions are pure and your belief is absolute, than you can achieve anything. Everything in this universe exists in perfect harmony. Everything is balanced out by its opposite. Cold is balanced out by the heat, light is balanced out by darkness, pleasure is balanced out by pain, life is balanced out by death and similarly good is balanced out by evil. Good intentions, kindness, courage and willingness to self sacrifice by these great people is balanced out by pure evil, savagery, cowardice and megalomania. 

And when it comes to the most evil individuals in human history, 99% of the people will choose Adolf Hitler as one of most evil man to have ever lived. And sure enough murdering six millions innocent Jews would definitely make Adolf Hitler as the epitome of pure evil in the eyes of majority of the world. But is there more to the story of Adolf Hitler then what we have been told over the years. I know we are told that Hitler was responsible for deaths of over 6 million Jews. Hitler is also blamed for starting the Second World War. But are both of these statements the absolute fact? If this was the truth then what turned Adolf Hitler into such a barbaric and sadistic individual? And if this wasn't the truth then who orchestrated such an elaborate lie and fooled the world and many of its future generations that were yet to come.

For nearly seventy years, we have heard only one side of the story and that is the Allied Version. If we really want to learn from the mistakes that led to the Second World War, then we have to hear the other side of the story as well. I am not trying to impose any conclusion on anyone. Whole objective of me writing this article is to give you an idea about things that led to the Second World War but from the perspective of Germany. Check the facts yourself from the internet, analyse the data and make your own conclusions about the Nazi Germany and its Fúhrer, the man we know as Adolf Hitler.

EARLY LIFE OF ADOLF HITLER

Adolf Hitler was born on 20th April 1889 to Alois Hitler and Klara Pölzl in small village Braunau near the border of Bavaria, Germany in Austro-Hungarian empire. Adolf Hitler had two younger siblings and three elder, but all his elder siblings died in infancy so Adolf Hitler was the eldest amongst three surviving children of Alois and Klara.

Adolf Hitler's father was a official in Customs Bureau and he wanted Adolf to follow in his footsteps. Adolf Hitler excelled in his studies his real interest was in painting and sketching.

When Adolf was 11 years old, his younger brother Edmund died of measles on 2nd February 1890. His brothers death crushed the spirit of young Adolf. From being an active, outgoing and lively boy, he became morose, detached and sullen boy.

His father tried to forcefully make Hitler drop ambitions of being an artist and got him  enrolled in a prestigious high School. But Alois Hitler died suddenly on 3rd January 1903. With his father dead, Adolf Hitler now had freedom to persue whatever he wanted to. A year after his father's death, with the permission of his mother Adolf Hitler left home to persue his life long dream of studying at Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. But despite getting several commendations from the faculty, his application was rejected twice. This broke the spirit of Adolf Hitler and his sorrow was even compounded by the sudden death of his mother on 21st December in 1907. His mother was the only person in this world that Hitler believed truly loved him. Hitler kept a portrait of her mother in his wallet for the rest of his life, to constantly remind himself of her. Adolf Hitler wasn't even able to attend her funeral because of the lack of money. Adolf Hitler continued to live in Vienna and earned small pittance by making portraits and sketches of the people on the street.

Adolf Hitler stayed in a boys hostel in Vienna and during this time Adolf Hitler had many Jewish friends and was very close to a couple of them. Hardly an expected behavior for an antisemite person which scholar make Hitler to be. Hitler was in Munich on 28th June 1914, when he heard the news about the assassination of Prince Archduke Franz Ferdinand the heir to the Austro-Hungarian empire by a Yugoslav Nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Serajevo. The assassination led to a month of diplomatic manoeuvring between Serbia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, France, and Britain which was called the July Crisis. Believing that Serbian officials belonging to secret group of rouge Army Officers called "Black Hand" were involved in the plot, Austria-Hungary delivered to Serbia the July Ultimatum a series of ten demands which were deliberately exaggerated so that the ultimatum would become unacceptable to Serbia, intending to provoke a war with Serbia. When Serbia agreed to only eight of the ten demands, Austria-Hungary declared war on 28 July 1914.

MILITARY CAREER

After the war broke out, Hitler who was still living in Munich volunteered to serve in the Bavarian Army as an Austrian citizen. Hitler was assigned to the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (1st Company of the List Regiment), he served as a dispatch runner on the Eastern Front of France and Belgium, It was his job to deliver messages from the high command to the frontline irrespective of the situation. It was a job with high mortality rate, but nonetheless Hitler executed his duties with passion and courage.  On many occasions Hitler had to run to the frontline trenches when fighting was still raging on. He never shied away from performing his duty no matter what the risk was. He was present at the First Battle of Yrpes, the Battle of Somme, the Battle of Arras, and the Battle of Passchendaele. In between these battles, Hitler was transferred to the Army Headquarters for a short period of time.

During his service at the headquarters, Hitler utilised his artistic capabilities by drawing cartoons and instructions for an army newspaper. During the Battle of the Somme in October 1916, he was wounded in the left thigh when a shell exploded in the dispatch runners' dugout. Hitler spent almost two months in hospital at Beelitz. Soldiers who were seriously wounded had an option of staying out of Battle and to be stationed in the administrative wing of the Army. But Adolf Hitler returned to his regiment on 5 March 1917.

He was decorated for bravery, receiving the Iron Cross, Second Class, in 1914 for his dedication and bravery in the Battle of Somme. On 16th May 1918, armed with just a pistol Hitler captured five French soldiers despite being shot in the arm. He brought the French POW back to the German trenches. He received the Black Wound Badge on 18 May 1918. For this achievement of his, Hitler was recommended by his Captain Hugo Gutmann for Iron Cross First Class. This was a highly esteemed honour, which only a handful of soldiers in the entire WWI received. Hitler received the Iron Cross, First Class, on 4 August 1918.

Upto that point Germany had won all major Battles and had France encircled for all sides. France was cut off from the Britain's supplies and were on the brink of defeat. Germany had nearly won the war without even a single bullet fired on its soil.

On 15 October 1918, Adolf Hitler was temporarily blinded in a British mustard gas attack and was hospitalised in Pasewalk. While there, a month later Hitler learnt of Germany's defeat, and—by his own account—on receiving this news, he suffered a second bout of blindness.

Hitler described the war as "the greatest of all experiences", and was praised by his commanding officers for his bravery. He truly loved his days in Army because in his regiment, he was something unlike his days on the streets of Vienna. He had friends who respected and cared for him. His wartime experience reinforced his German patriotism and he was shocked by Germany's surrender in November 1918. He was embittered by the collapse of the war effort, and his ideology began to take shape. It was a fact that Zionist Jewish Bankers in Germany, primarily Rothschild and Warburg families had conspired with British Government to lure in United States of America into the war against Germany. This is what turned the tide against Germany and ultimately lead to its defeat.

Hitler also believed that German politicians had conspired with Jewish Bankers for their mutual benefits and ultimately this resulted in Germany's loss. And he was right too. The Jewish Bankers he blamed are the same people who are responsible for the present economic collapse in America and the rest of the world. The Rothschild and the Warburg Banking Corporations were the ones who exploited Germany during First World War and caused failiure of its war campaign.

THE HUMILIATING TREATY OF VERSAILLES

After 6 months of deliberation about the details of the Peace Treaty, Leaders of Allied nations and Germany converged on the Palace of Versailles to sign the Peace accord Treaty of Versailles. At this moment Adolf Hitler was in Munich, unaware of the fact that the treaty being signed in Versailles is going to change his life forever along with rest of europe's.

Germany had signed the armistice on 11th November 1918. Negotiations between the Allied powers started on 18 January in the Salle de l'Horloge at the French Foreign Ministery on the Quai d'Orsay in Paris. Initially, 70 delegates of 27 nations participated in the negotiations. Having been defeated, Germany, Austria and Hungary were excluded from the negotiations. Russia was also excluded because it had negotiated a separate peace with Germany in 1918, in which Germany gained a large fraction of Russia's land and resources. The treaty's terms were extremely harsh, as the negotiators at Versailles later pointed out.

At first a "Council of Ten" comprising two delegates each from Britain, France, the United States, Italy and Japan, met officially to decide the peace terms. It became the "Big Four" when Japan dropped out and the top person from each of the other four met in 145 closed sessions to make all the major decisions, which were later ratified by the entire assembly. Apart from Italian issues, the main conditions were determined at personal meetings by the leaders of the "Big Three" nations: British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau and American President Woodrow Wilson.

The minor nations attended a weekly "Plenary Conference" that discussed issues in a general forum but made no decisions. These members formed over 50 commissions that made various recommendations, many of which were incorporated into the final Treaty. Nations upon whom the condition set in the treaty were to be subjected upon had no idea what were the terms of the treaty and whether they would be able to fulfil all provisions or not. Keeping the involved countries out of the deliberation process, clearly implied that the Allied nations were going to impose really harsh terms on the Central Powers.

When German Chancellor Philipp Scheidemann became aware of the harsh and potentially devastating  provisions of the treaty, he was filled with rage because he knew the terms set in the treaty had only one purpose and that purpose was social, political, industrial, economical and cultural destruction of the Germany. In protest for the unfairly harsh provisions of the treaty, Scheidemann refused to sign the treaty.

The Allies declared that if the German Government did not sign the treaty the war would be resumed. Political leaders of Germany pressurised Scheidemann to sign the treaty. But knowing, what does signing of the treaty would mean for Germany, Scheidemann remained defiant. His own party's high command ordered him to sign the treaty. Scheidemann himself resigned from the post of Chancellor rather than sign the treaty. Gustav Bauer a prominent Jewish leader, became the head of the new government. Bauer sent a telegram stating his intention to sign the treaty, if certain articles were withdrawn, including articles 227, 230 and 231. The Allies gave an ultimatum that either Germany accept the treaty or Allied forces would cross the Rhine within 24 hours. On 23 June, Bauer capitulated and sent a second telegram that a German delegation would arrive shortly to sign. On 28 June 1919, the fifth anniversary of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the peace treaty was signed.

This wasn't a peace treaty, this was a legalised extortion of Germany by the victor nations who had forced Germany to accept these unfair and harsh terms by the threatening it with resumption of the War. Although Woodrow Wilson protested about the unjustifiably harsh condition of the Treaty but he had to unwillingly agree with other Allied leaders. the Treaty of Versailles was not only unfair but rather humiliating for Germany.

 

Germany was stripped of large portion of its land in order to create new sovereign nations which had never existed ever in the history. Millions of ethnic Germainic people were separated all of a sudden from their homeland. The treaty of Versailles in total stripped Germany of more than. 65,000 km2 and in excess of 7 million of its people. In west, Germany was required to recognize Belgian sovereignty over Moresnet and Eupen-Melmedy area. Within six months of the transfer, Belgium was required conduct a referendum on whether the citizens of the region wanted to remain under Belgian sovereignty or return to German control.

To compensate for the destruction of French coal-mines, Germany was to cede the output of the Saar coalmines to France and control of the Saar to the League of Nations for fifteen years after which people of Saar were to presented a referendum to decide whether they wanted to remain under French control or dis they wished a reunification with Germany. In the eastern regions, Germany was to recognize the independence of Czechoslovakia and to cede parts of the province of Upper Silesia. Germany had to recognize the independence of Poland and renounce "all rights and title over the territory". Portions of Upper Silesia were to be ceded to Poland, with the future of the rest of the province to be decided by a referendum at a later date.

The province of Posen was also to be ceded to Poland. Region of Pomerania on historical and ethnic grounds, was transferred to Poland so that the new state could have access to the sea and became known as the Polish corridor.

The sovereignty of part of southern Eastern Prussia was to be decided via referendum while the East Prussian Soldau area which was astride the rail line between Warsaw and Danzig, was transferred to Poland outright with no provision of any referendum. An area of 51,800 square kilometres (20,000 square miles) was granted to Poland at the expense of Germany and Memel was ceded to the Allied and Associated powers, for disposal according to their wishes. Germany was to cede the city of Danzig and its hinterland, including the delta of the Vistula River on the Baltic Sea for the League of Nations to establish the Free city of Danzig. But due to weak economic and military status of Germany most of the nations by help of Allied nations intimidated Germany and denied the right to referendum of the Germainic people in the regions cited in treaty of Versailles.

In reality the purpose of Treaty of Versailles was not just to recover reparations for the damage incurred during the war but rather to utterly humiliate Germany at a global stageand to cripple the Germsn economy to such an extent that Germany won't even be able to challenge any European nation for next 100 years. Even though Russia and Britain had declared war on Germany without any provocation or threat by Germany, despite this the Allies especially France and Britain wanted Germany to admit that it was solely responsible for escalating the war from a regional to global scale.

Under threats of military invasion of Germany, France and Britain forced Germans to admitt to all conditions in the accord. Even US President Woodrow Wilson was highly critical of the over exploitory conditions in the Treaty of Versailles but his opposition was silenced by the leaders of Britain and France.

SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL AND POLITICAL COLLAPSE IN GERMANY

By the end of year 1921, Germany was engulfed in social, politician and economical upheaval. Most of the Germany's industries had been turned into arms and weapons factories, during the war. After Germany's surrender all these arms factories were destroyed by the allies. Jewish Banks of the Warburg and Rothschild families, the very people who had manipulated German politicians to agree to surrender were now trying to crash Germany's economy. Germany still owed great deal of debt to these bankers. And would be in the bankers interest if Germany failed to pay back the debt. Because like any loan given to a individual, loans given to countries are also secured by the Government assets of much higher value than the loan itself, hence if Germany would fail to repay the loans then these Bankers would be able to seize government assets of much higher value.

So to curtails Germany's ability to pay back the debts, these bankers decided to deliberately crash the German economy. First they released huge sums of money as loans into the market. People needed to rebuild their damaged houses, shops and factories. So public started borrowing huge loans. This huge induction of money into the market resulted in Hyperinflation. As people had borrowed huge sums to spend but the commodities they wanted were scarce, so prices started to rise up and eventually resulted in hyperinflation. This was a certain disaster waiting to happen for German Government. Germany also had to pay installments of reparations to the allies, so whatever capital they had was spent on repayments to allies. This meant German Government defaulted on the payment of debts owed to private banks. And as result these banks seized Government assets like land, factories, universities which were at least 5 times more valuable than the debt owed. But there was nothing that could be done. So German government decided to improve the crisis in th German society.

Due to hyperinflation, a loaf of bread that costed about 100 marks four years ago, now costs 5000 marks. People had to carry huge bag of money, just to buy a loaf of bread. Because of inflation many factories that were able to get operational again, are now shutting down once again and this time due to inability to buy raw materials at such inflated prices. So even more people lose their jobs. Unemployment rate at this in Germany was 70%. People unable to pay their rent were evicted from their homes. In 1921, a record 3 million Germans were living in the streets of German cities. With winter approaching the survival chances of people with no food, no shelter and no assistance from Government, future of the 3 million German living on the streets looked bleak. And to make matters worse, the winter of 1921 would be the worst in last 25 years. Freezing cold, starvation, no shelter, no health care, ever increasing crimes against Middle and upper class families are causing thousands of deaths. In the winter of 1921, at an average 355 people would die each day. This unleashed the kind of suffering and anguish in Germany, kinds of which had never been seen or heard ever before.

HITLER'S ENTRY INTO POLITICS

After World War I, Hitler returned to Munich.Having no formal education or career prospects, he tried to remain in the army for as long as possible. In July 1919 he was appointed Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) of an Aufklärungskommando (reconnaissance commando) of the Reichswehr assigned to influence other soldiers and to infiltrate the German Workers Party (DAP). While monitoring the activities of the DAP, Hitler was attracted to the founder Anton Drexler's nationalist, anti-capitalist, and anti-Marxist ideas. Drexler favoured a strong active government, a non-Jewish version of socialism, and solidarity among all members of society. Impressed with Hitler's oratory skills, Drexler invited him to join the DAP. Hitler accepted on 12 September 1919, becoming the party's 55th member.

At the DAP, Hitler met Dietrich Eckart, one of the party's founders and a member of the secret "Thule" Society. Eckart became Hitler's mentor, exchanging ideas with him and introducing him to a wide range of people in Munich.

To increase its appeal, the DAP changed its name to the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party – NSDAP).

Adolf Hitler noticed that every other political party had a symbol that made that party more noticeable and unique, so Hitler who was a natural artist decided to design the new flag for NSDAP. To find a symbol he looked in ancient historical symbology. Adolf Hitler had a great deal of interest in the ancient Aryan race of Northern India. The word "swastika" comes from the Sanskrit svastika - "su" (meaning "good" or "auspicious") combined with "asti" (meaning "being")  along with the diminutive suffix "ka." The swastika literally means "well-being." It is a common practice for Hindus to draw Swastika symbols on the doors and entrances to their houses during festivals, which is believed to symbolize an invitation to goddess Lakshmi. The name "Sauwastika" is sometimes given to the left-facing arms symbol, which is a mirror image of swastika (卍).

When Hitler created a flag for the Nazi Party, he sought to incorporate both the swastika and "those revered colors expressive of our homage to the glorious past and which once brought so much honor to the German nation." (Red, white, and black were the colors of the flag of the old German Empire.) Hitler also stated: "As National Socialists, we see our program in our flag. In red, we see the social idea of the movement; in white, the nationalistic idea; in the swastika, the mission of the struggle for the victory of the Aryan man, and, by the same token, the victory of the idea of creative work."

Hitler was discharged from the army on 31 March 1920 and began working full-time for the NSDAP. In February 1921—already highly effective at speaking to large audiences—he spoke to a crowd of over 6,000 in Munich. To publicise the meeting, two truckloads of party supporters drove around town waving swastika flags and throwing leaflets. Hitler soon gained notoriety for his rowdy polemic speeches against the Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, and especially against Marxists and Jews. At the time, the NSDAP was centred in Munich, a major hotbed of anti-government German nationalists determined to crush Marxism and undermine the Weimar Republic.

In June 1921, while Hitler and Eckart were on a fundraising trip to Berlin, a mutiny broke out within the NSDAP in Munich. Members of its executive committee, some of whom considered Hitler to be too overbearing, wanted to merge with the rival German Socialist Party(DSP). Hitler returned to Munich on 11 July and angrily tendered his resignation. The committee members realised that his resignation would mean the end of the party. Hitler announced he would rejoin on the condition that he would replace Drexler as party chairman, and that the party headquarters would remain in Munich. The committee agreed, and he rejoined the party on 26 July as member 3,680. He still faced some opposition within the NSDAP. Opponents of Hitler had Hermann Esser expelled from the party and they printed 3,000 copies of a pamphlet attacking Hitler as a traitor to the party. In the following days, Hitler spoke to several packed houses and defended himself and Esser, to thunderous applause. His strategy proved successful, and at a general membership meeting, he was granted absolute powers as party chairman, with only one nay vote cast.

Soon Adolf Hitler gained unprecedented popularity and support. His ever increasing fame was fuelled even more by the deteriorating social and economical conditions in Germany. Soon Hitler became a person to whome whole Germany looked upon for ridding their country off the ever degrading social and economic conditions. With this increasing popularity the numbers of the NSDAP members also swelled up.

Adolf Hitler's early followers included Rudolf Hess, former air force pilot Herman Göring, and Hitler's former army captain Earnst Röhm. Röhm became head of the Nazis' paramilitary organisation, the  Sturmabtielung also knows as "Stormtroopers" or Brown Shirts, which protected meetings and attacked political opponents. A critical influence on his thinking during this period was the Aufbau Vereinigung, a conspiratorial group of Russian exiles and early National Socialists. The group, helped to finance NSDAP with funds channelled from wealthy industrialists.

FIRST ATTEMPT TO GRAB POWER: BEER HALL PUTSCH

Adolf Hitler had brought NSDAP from being a fringe political group to a status of national recognition. Deluded by this increase of popularity, Adolf Hitler overestimated the strength and influence of the NSDAP, decided to take control of the government by force. In 1923 Hitler enlisted the help of World War I General Eric Ludendorff for an attempted coup known as the "Beer Hall Putsch". The Nazi Party wanted to use the method employed by Italian Fascists as a model for their appearance and policies. Hitler wanted to emulate Benito Mussolini's famous "March of Rome"(1922) by staging his own coup in Bavaria, to be followed by a challenge to the government in Berlin. Hitler and Ludendorff sought the support of Staatskommissar (state commissioner) Gustav Ritter Von Kahr (Bavaria's de facto ruler). However, Kahr, along with Police Chief Hans Ritter Von Seißer and Reichswehr General Otto Von Lussow wanted to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler.

On 8 November 1923 Hitler and the SA stormed a public meeting of 3,000 people that had been organised by Kahr in Bürgerbraükeller, a large beer hall in Munich. He interrupted Kahr's speech and announced that the national revolution had begun, declaring the formation of a new government with Ludendorff. Retiring to a backroom, Hitler, with handgun drawn, demanded and got the support of Kahr, Seisser, and Lossow. Hitler's forces initially succeeded in occupying the local Reichswehr and police headquarters, but Kahr and his consorts quickly withdrew their support and neither the army nor the state police joined forces with Hitler. The next day, Hitler and his followers marched from the beer hall to the Bavarian War Ministry to overthrow the Bavarian government, but police dispersed them. 6 NSDAP members  and four police officers were killed in the failed coup. Hitler himself was shot in the arm.

Hitler was depressed but calm when arrested on 11 November 1923 for high treason. His trial before the special People's Court in Munich began in February 1924, and Alfred Rosenberg became temporary leader of the NSDAP. Although any crime of treason was usually delivered death penalty, but the presiding judges became very impresses with Hitler's patriotic and nationalist believes. On 1 April, Hitler was sentenced to five years' imprisonment at Landsberg Prison. There, he received friendly treatment from the guards, and he was allowed mail from supporters and regular visits by party comrades. The Bavarian Supreme Court issued a pardon, and he was released from jail on 20 December 1924, against the state prosecutor's objections. Including time on remand, Hitler had served just over one year in prison.

It was during his time at Landsberg, Adolf Hitler wrote his first edition of Mein Kqmpf. He dictated to Rudolf Hess, who typed it down. Hitler had dedicated the book to his former mentor and Thule Society Member Dietrich Eckart. But this first edition of Mein Kampf failed to make an impression and very few copies of the book were sold. The 2nd edition of the book was published in 1926 and between the period between 1926-1933 over 1.25 million copies were sold.

ECONOMIC DEPRESSION AND THE REFERENDUM OF 1929

After the failed coup attempt, NSDAP and all it's affiliated groups were banned by the Bavarian Government. Upon his release Adolf Hitler met with Bavarian Prime Minister Heinrich Held and promised him that NSDAP will only rely on democratic methods in their ambition to gain power. Because of this meeting the ban on the NSDAP and its affiliates was lifted. But Hitler was barred from public speaking, a ban that remained in place until 1927. To advance his political ambitions in spite of the ban, Hitler appointed Gregor Strasser, Otto Strasser and Joseph Goebbles to organise and grow the NSDAP in northern Germany. A superb organiser, Gregor Strasser steered a more independent political course, emphasising the socialist elements of the party's programme. Meanwhile Hitler decided to clean NSDAP of all its anti-democratic elements and the biggest anti-peace element in NSDAP was Earnst Röhm and his storm troopers.

In 1929, already struggling economy of Germany was even made worse by the Wall Steet Collapse of 1929 which resulted in the "The Great Depression". Whatever meager capital German government was  able to generate had to be sent to the allies as installments of the reparations. Moreover the Industries being kept by Allies as securities for reparation, were very much needed to achieve any kind of stability in the economy. Another major sources of income was the Saar coal mines which had been given to France for 15 years after Versailles. Stricter economic and financial controls had also been placed on Germany, which prohibited Germany from borrowing money from Banks.

Amidst this mayhem Adolf Hitler along with other political leaders of Germany started demanding a final settlement to the debts enforced upon Germany at Versailles. When public also rallied behind this demand, Government had no choice but to hold a referendum on the issue. Referendum took place on 22nd December 1929, turnout was very poor as only 14.5% of total registered voters showed up to vote. But those who came to cast their vote, 95.4% of them chose in favour of the settlement. But according to constitution, at least 50% turnout was needed for reaching any official decision on the issue. So the referendum was termed invalid and everything remained the same.

But the referendum did succeed in increasing public support for many right wing parties and especially the Nazi party.

ADOLF HITLER AND NAZI PARTY IN ELECTIONS

Between 1924 and 1928, Nazi party contested in three elections and the party's performance in all elections was pretty dismal. Nazi party was able to capture 32, 14 and 12 seats in three elections. Nazi party's vote percentage was 6.5%,3% and 2.6% respectively. After the third elections of 1928, Adolf Hitler was really dejected and depressed. But he decided more positive involvement in the government proceedings. Then came the 1929 economic collapse in which Hitler was one of the main public figure rallying for the referendum. Although referendum faile to solve the question of Germany's debt to the Allied nations but it certainly made Adolf Hitler a symbol of Germany's prosperity of future.

Immediate after the 1929 failed referendum, elections were held in Germany. And this time Nazi party won 107 seats in Reichstag and its vote percentage was 18.3%. NSDAP was the second largest political party in Reichstag. And from here on in Nazi party had a strong foothold in Reichstag.

In elections of July 1932, Adolf Hitler was Nazi party's presidential candidate. Nazi party won 230 seats in Reichstag with 37.3% of the votes. Nazi party was the largest party in the Reichstag but still wasn't able to achieve the needed seats for clear majority. Adolf Hitler had two options either collaborate with other parties and make an alliance government or wait for next elections. Hitler despised both parties that came 2nd and 3rd behind NSDAP. So for him prospect of making a joint government was out of the question. As no party was able to form Government, President of Germany Paul Von Hindenberg declared election to be held again in November 1932. Hitler had hoped that this time Nazi Party would be able to win clear majority. But his hopes were dashed when Nazi party won 34 seats less than the last elections. NSDAP won 196 seats with 33.1% of votes. Hitler's decision of not forming an alliance government worked against him, as people started thinking that Hitler had no concern for the people of Germany and he is far more concerned with NSDAP's political performances.

Although Nazi party was still not able to win clear majority but it still was the number one party in Reichstag. Ultimately Adolf Hitler urged then Chancellor of Germany Franz Von Papen to make a United government. After Papaen got approval from president Paul Von Hindenberg, a joint government was formed. And a month later Papen wrote a letter to President Hindenberg in support of Hitler's appointment as Chancellor. Initially Hindenberg refused to name Hitler as chancellor but ultimately he had no choice but to name Adolf Hitler as new Chancellor of Germany. In little over 10 years, Adolf Hitler rose from being a mere political worker to becoming the Chancellor of Germany.

REICHSTAG FIRE DECREE

As chancellor, Hitler worked against attempts by the NSDAP's opponents to build a majority government. Because of the political stalemate, he asked President Hindenburg to again dissolve the Reichstag, and elections were scheduled for early March. On 27 February 1933, the German Parliament the Reichstag Building was set on fire. Göring blamed a communist plot, because Dutch communist Marinus Van Der Lubbe was found in incriminating circumstances inside the burning building. Van Der Lubbe was a 25 year old, partially blind and mentally challenged individual. The whole theory about him being the arsonist seemed a little over the moon. According to Kershaw, the consensus of nearly all historians is that Van der Lubbe actually set the fire. Others are of the opinion that the NSDAP itself was responsible.

At Hitler's urging, Hindenburg responded with the Reichstag Fire Decree of 28 February, which suspended basic rights and allowed detention without trial. Kind of like Patriot Act after 9/11. The decree was permitted under Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, which gave the president the power to take emergency measures to protect public safety and order. Activities of the German Communist Party were suppressed, and some 4,000 communist party members were arrested.

In addition to political campaigning, the NSDAP engaged in paramilitary violence and the spread of anti-communist propaganda in the days preceding the election. On election day, 6 March 1933, the NSDAP's share of the vote increased to 43.9 per cent, and the party acquired the largest number of seats in parliament. Hitler's party failed to secure an absolute majority, necessitating another coalition with the DNVP.

Nazi Party won 288 seats with 43.9% votes. Nazi Party once again became the largest party in Reichstag but still failed to achieve the majority of which could have enabled them. to form a government of their own. But as Adolf Hitler was already the Chancellor of Germany, the fairness of these election result was largely contested.

GERMAN ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER ADOLF HITLER

After Hitler came to power, his first and prime objective was to improve degraded social, economic and social conditions of Germainic people. Unemployment was at 70% and to eliminate this unemployment Hitler needed to somehow create 8 million jobs. Small scale industries were nearly wiped out, only industries that were flourishing were Jewish owned manufacturing plants and even those factories were paying wages to their employees that were so far below the minimum wage, that workers felt more like slaves than workers. And when these industries sold their products they charged upto 10 times the price. So Adolf Hitler needed to induce life into nearly dead small scale industries of Germany. Adolf Hitler specifically ordered the construction of nation wide 8 lane highway roads called Autobahns to link all major German cities and important sites. Autobahn construction was one of the first projects of Adolf Hitler. It not only provided employment for as many as a million people  but is also boosted the small scale industries. Purchase of huge quantities of raw material and construction equipment induced some life into the stagnant private sector and helped to strengthen the economy.

First thing that Hitler did was strengthening the state owned manufacturing plants like steel and iron industries. This started the shut down trade with other countries of raw materials and also created some jobs for the German people. The strengthening of foreign trade lead to a significant foreign capital flow into and out of Germany. This gave some sense of stability to the economy. Adolf Hitler negotiated the end of economic embargo on Germany, which resulted in huge foreign investments into Germany economy. Adolf Hitler also started the programme of providing interest free loans to small scale industries and manufacturing plants to revive the private sector.

In August 1934, Hitler appointed Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schachtas Minister of Economics, and in the following year, as Plenipotentiary for War Economy in charge of preparing the economy for war. Reconstruction and Economic developement were financed through printing money, and seizing the assets of people arrested as enemies of the State, including Jews. Unemployment fell from eight million in 1932 to one million in 1936. Hitler oversaw one of the largest infrastructure improvement campaigns in German history, leading to the construction of dams, autobahns, railroads, and other civil works.

One of the legacies of Adolf Hitler's that is still active today is the Volkswagen Auto Company. Adolf Hitler gave huge loans and subsidies of manufacturing materials to Volkswagen for the singular purpose of creating a car that all Germans could afford and enjoy. Hitler personally asked Ferdinand Porsche to design this vehicle. And the result of Hitler's this desire was the famous Volkswagen Beetle economy car. Beetle was priced at a unbelievably low price of 990 Reichmarks which was even less than what a motorcycle costed at that time. Volkswagen Beetle still holds the record for most units sold globally i.e. 21,529,464( 21.5 million units). 

Hitler's government sponsored urban developement on an immense scale. Albert Spreer, instrumental in implementing Hitler's classicist reinterpretation of German culture, was placed in charge of the proposed architectural renovations of Berlin. In 1936, Hitler opened the Summer Olympic Games in Berlin. Those who attended the Olympic Games in Berlin were awestruck by the level of developement and modernisation underway in Germany.

Adolf Hitler personally met and shook hands with several international sports persons. At a time when racism was rampant in Britain and America, Hitler's gesture of personally congratulating and shaking hands with even all the coloured athletes was a testament to his character. When Indian hockey team defeated Germany in the final to win gold medal, Hitler personally met with Indian Captain Dhyan Chand, cheerfully congratulated him and conversed with him for few moments. Some years later Dhyan Chand told Life Magazine in an interview that he was humbled by the manner in which Hitler warmly shook his hand and asked him that would he like to move to Germany and then they both laughed. Dhyan Chand said he was astonished by how much knowledge Hitler had about Indian culture and Hindu mythology. In the end Dhyan Chand concluded that he had never before and never since met such a magnanimous head of State.

Now compare this gesture of Adolf Hitler to US President Dwight Eisenhower who refused to even say one word of appreciation to Olympic Gold Medal Winner Mohammed Ali for his achievement let alone congratulating and shaking hands with him.

By end of 1936, Germany had successfully risen out from depths of economic recession, cultural and social stagnation. Unemployment had been wiped out completely. Now when his first objective was achieved, Hitler diverted his attention towards other issues that were concerning him.

REUNIFICATION OF SAARLAND WITH GERMANY

By creating economic stability in Germany, Hitler had successfully achieved his first goal but according to him his work was far from complete yet. Treaty of Versailles had dishonoured the pride of German people so now next objective of Hitler was to restore that lost honour of Germany and to undo few wrongs of the past. The region of Saarland and especially the Saar Coal mines were given to France for fifteen years. 16 years had already passed but Saarland was still under French rule. Adolf Hitler asked French leadership to conduct the promised referendum in Treaty of Versailles, so people of Saarland could freely decide whether they wanted to remain under French rule or do they wish to join the Third Reich. France was overconfident that people of Saar would choose to remain under French rule hence they agreed to the Hitler's request for referendum in Saarland immediately.

But France was greatly shocked when 97.5% people of Saarland voted for reunification with third reich. So France had no choice but to relinquish the region of Saarland. French were expecting that Hitler would next claim Germany's right on region of Alsace Lorraine which Germany had ceded to France in Versailles. But Hitler surprised them by relinquishing all German rights to Alsace Lorraine because the majority of population in the region was French speaking.

Adolf Hitler had only one objective in and that was reunification of all German speaking regions. Because of the territorial changes imposed on Germany in Treaty of Versailles, as many as 8 million German speaking people had been separated from their motherland and were placed under the rule of hostile governments who oppressed and ostracised them. People of German decent in these newly formed countries were deprived of even basic human rights. They often became the target of violent discriminating attacks. So Adolf Hitler wanted all these suffering people of Germaininc decent to unify with Germany once again.

DEMILITARISED ZONE OF RHINELAND

In treaty of Versailles, Allies had demanded Germany to remove all its troops from the western region of Rhineland along the border with Belgium, Netherlands and France. Reason behind demilitarisation of Rhineland was to ensure that no skirmishes would take place between the forces of four countries. Second objective was to ensure the feeling of security for Netherlands and Luxembourg. Germany adhering to the Treaty of Versailles removed all its troops from the region of Rhineland. France and Britain took advantage of this and stationed their troops inside the German border in the region of lower valleys of Rhineland. This occupation of Rhineland was totally illegal and was in complete contradiction of the Treaty of Versailles. After a much deliberated meeting with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and French President Albert Lebrun, both countries agreed to remove their troops from Rhineland and the region was once again reunified with the third reich.

Another stipulation on Germany in the treaty of Versailles was the disarmament clause. According to this clause Germany was to reduce its military strength to less than 100,000 men and to limit its Navy to just 6 ships and 15,000 sailors. Airforce was to be dismantled completely. This clauses in the treaty applied to all parties but Allies wanted Germany to disarm first, hence Germany completed all its obligations of disarmament by 1920. And when it came to allies to honour their commitment, they simply ignored it. By 1930, Britain and France had not just increased their military strength but they also modernised it. Both America and Britain had spent huge money on modernisation of their forces and induced several naval destroyers, frigates, aircraft carriers, gun ships, submarines and aircrafts to their already powerful armed forces. When this weaponising of Allies was going on, Hitler Requested the Allies to allow Germany to atleast increase its forces to such a level where it can ably defend itself from foreign aggressors. But all his requests fell on deaf ears.

At the Geneva Disarmament Summit, Adolf Hitler asked the Allies to cut down the number of tanks, submarines and long range bombers that they had induced into their forces after 1919. Even though any kind of rearmament on the part of Allies was completely in contradiction to the treaty of Versailles, Hitler just asked for the reduction in numbers of these three specific weapons. Only when Allies refused to do so, that Adolf Hitler decided to start rearming Germany to secure its sovereignty.

REUNIFICATION WITH AUSTRIA

Up until 1867, Austria had been a part of Germany for nearly thousand years. But after Austro-Hungarian empire was dissolved, rather than unifying Austria with Germany, allies created a separate state of Austria with its own independent Government. And furthermore Allies prohibited Germany from unifying with Austria without getting the approval of the League of Nations. So Germany proposed a resolution at the League of Nations but it was vetoed by Britain and France. After some perseverance of Germany, Britain and France agreed to conduct a referendum in Austria to let people of Austria choose the future of Austria. But there was a problem in this proposed solution.

In 1933, The First Austrian Republic collapsed when its Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss dissolved the parliament and established an autocratic regime similar to Italian Fascist Regime of Benito Mussolini. Upon coming to power Dollfuss tried to suppress all dissenting political groups and parties like Socialist Democrats and Conservatives. Both these parties had their own paramilitary forces, so when their members started being attacked my government forces a civil war broke out in Austria. In 1934, Dollfuss ordered executions of more than 100 socialis democrats on charges of treason and disrupting public life. Dollfuss outlawed the Socialist Democratic party and had its members imprisoned and remaining members fled to Germany. On 1 May 1934, the Austrian Fascists imposed a new constitution ("Maiverfassung") which further cemented Dollfuss's power. Furthermore Dollfuss abolished all civilians basic rights and right of self-determination. It was quite obvious that as long as Dollfuss was in the office, the chance of conducting a free and fair referendum was slim.

In June 1934, the Party President of Socialist Democratic Party who fled to Germany, asked Herman Göring for assistance. A plan to overthrow the Dollfuss Regime in a coup d'état was formulated. This plan was to be carried out by members of Socialist Democratic Party on 25th July. Although the coup d'état attempt failed but Englebert Dollfuss was assassinated. Dollfuss's successor Kurtz Schuschnigg was not able to contain the will of the Austrian people of uniting with Germany, any longer. On 12th March 1938, Socialist Democratic Party members took over government. On 13th March German troops entered the country. On the same day, the Anschluss of Austria was officially declared. Two days later Hitler an Austrian by birth, announced the "re-unification" of his home country with the "rest of Germany" on Vienna's Heldenplatz . He established a plebiscite confirming the union with Germany on April 1.

ISSUE OF SUDATEN GERMANS

In 1919, a significant portion of South Eastern region of Germany was ceded to the newly formed state of Czechoslovakia. This region is known as the Sudatenland, named after the nearby Sudaten Mountain Range. Before 1919, the region of Sudateland was primarily inhabited by Germainic people. But after 1919, this region became a multi-ethnic community that included Czechs, Slovacs, Ukrainians, Hungarians, Poles  and Ethnic Germans. Germainic people made up majority of the population in Sudatenland prior to 1919. At the Treaty of Versailles  After 1919, People of German decent became a minority in the population made up of several ethnicities. Ethnic Germans, Poles and Hungarians had long been the victims of prejudice and discrimination on their own land of birth. So when Austria was unified with the Reich, Sudaten Germans also voiced their desire of reunification with Germany.

During the negotiations at Versailles, leaders of Czeck and Slovak political parties had agreed to the term that all minority ethnic groups were to be given internal autonomy and equal rights. But in 1921 the Czech and Slovak leaders completely violated the agreed term of Treaty of Versailles by removing all rights to self determination of all minority ethnic groups of Sudaten Germans, Hungarians and Poles in the new constitution of Czechoslovakia. Despite this clear violation of Treaty of Versailles, up untill this time neither Adolf Hitler and nor any of his ministers had ever even mentioned about the issue of Sudaten Germans. When Henlein visited Berlin and asked Adolf Hitler for help in the matter of Sudaten Germans, he advised Henlein to demand the right of self determination and autonomy for ethnic Germans from Czech Government. Hitler advised Henlein to exhaust all possible political and diplomatic measures first before getting Germany involved in the civil row of the Czechoslovakia.

But after Henlien's return to Cheb, situation even deteriorated when Czechs and Slovaks started forcefully evicting ethnic Germans from their homes and farms. As many as 20,000 Sudeten Germans were forcefully evicted from their homes in 1938. These Sudeten Germans had no choice but to enter into Germany's border as refugees.

Konrad Henlein voices his concerns about ever increasing violence against ethnic Germans by Czechs and Slovaks to the Czech President. Henlein demands the autonomous rights for ethnic Germans from the Czech Government. President of Czechoslovakia Edvard Beneš responded to the calls of autonomy and equal rights by declaring martial law in all of the Sudaten Provinces. Ethnic Germans men, women and children started getting physically assaulted by ethnic Czechs and Slovacs publicly. Then news about ethnic German men, women and children getting massacred in remote villages of Sudetenland started appearing from all over the Sudeten region. Worst of these massacres took place in Ostrava region of Moravian-Silesia where more than 300 Ethnic Germans were massacred. Unable to get any response from Czech Government, the party leader of Sudaten Heimfront(Sudaten Homefront) Konrad Henlein decided to ask German Reich for help.

Adolf Hitler called for a meeting in Munich with his French and British counterparts to inform them about current crisis in Sudaten regions of Czechoslovakia. Ultimately all three parties agreed that Sudaten regions adjoining Germany's border should be unified with Germany. And with unification of Sudaten regions, 3 million more Ethnic Germans became a part of Reich.

On 9th October 1938, Hitler was welcomed by thousands of Sudeten Germans with tears of joy in their eyes. After nearly two decades of oppression and segregation at the hands of Czechs and Slovaks, ethnic Germans of Sudetenland were finally free and were reunited with their motherland Germany. Contrary to what is commonly believed, Germany never attacked Sudeten region of Czechoslovakia. The annexation of Sudetenland was peacefully achieved by the Munich Agreement between France, Britain, Italy and Germany.

MEMELLAND REGION IN LITHUANIA

After successful reunification of Sudetenland, Austria and Saarland. Ethnic Germans of all regions that Germany was forced to cede due to The Treaty of Versailles, started demanding reunification with the Reich. Another region where ethnic Germans were demanding reunification with Germany was the Memelland region in Lithuania adjoining the German territory of East Prussia. According to the treaty of Versailles, Memelland was placed under the jurisdiction of the League of Nations. But League of Nations relinquished the control of Memel region and it was illegally annexed by Lithuania in 1920.

Lithuania's annexation of Memelland was totally against the terms agreed to in the Treaty of Versailles. But when ethnic Germans of Memelland started demanding reunification with Germany, Lithuanian Government approached France and Britain to add a little weight to its claim on Memelland. But when both nations refused to weigh in on its behalf, Lithuania had no choice but to agree to annexation of Memelland by Germany. Lithuania didn't possess any significant defense force to resist Germany if it attacked Lithuania. So, Government of Lithuania signed an agreement with Germany in which Memelland was unified with the German territory of East Prussia and in return Germany gave Lithuania free trade market in Memelland and 99 years lease on certain patches of land that Lithuania requested Germany to be left under its control mainly buildings and industries. Adolf Hitler also promised military and financial aid to Lithuania on an annual basis for next 25 years.

ISSUE OF POLISH OCCUPIED PORT CITY OF DANZIG AND POLISH CORRIDOR

In 1919, according to the treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to cede a significant amount of its territory to Poland for the creation of so called Polish Corridor which provided Poland a link to the Baltic Sea. But because of the creation of this Polish Corridor, Germany's link to East Prussia was severed. Moreover the German Port City of Danzig was placed under the mandate of the League of Nations. But in total disregard to the Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations gave extra rights to Poland regarding the port city of Danzig. Poland had been given total control over every facet of the Danzig's economic and financial infrastructure. Moreover Poland had also seized control of all public services in the city of Danzig and had even started charging the residents of Danzig for public services like electricity, water supply, sewerage and sanitation and health services.

So in other words Danzig was already completely under the Polish control. But Poland was still not satisfied and was eyeing to annex more German territoriy. Although 97% of Danzig's population and 60% of the population of East Prussia, was ethnic German, but despite this fact League of Nations gave Poland complete jurisdiction over Danzig and completely annexed the region of East Prussia to Poland. Knowing well enough about the attitude of Poles towards ethnic Germans, this decision of placing lives of millions of Germans in the hands of Poland was a totally illogical and it made this whole situation of Danzig and East Prussia a time bomb waiting to explode. So in a sense the seeds of  Second World War were already sown by League of Nations and the Allies in 1919.

Germany and Poland had signed a friendship treaty in early 1934 in order to maintain closer diplomatic and economic relations with each other but despite this treaty Polish Minister for Military affairs Marshal Józef Pilsudski was contemplating the invasion of Germany as early as June 1934, in order to occupy German territories and annex them to Poland. But other Allied nations refused to be a part of any such act so Pilsudski had to unwillingly abandon his plan. Ever since 1919, Poland maintained a feeling of hostility towards Germany and had threatened to annex Danzig completely.  Poland had already attacked and annexed territories of most of its neighbouring countries like Russia, Lithuania, Czechslovakia, Romania. Despite these unprovoked acts of aggression against neighbouring countries none of the allies intervened in the disputes. And this encouraged Poland even more to continue with its aggressive attitude towards its neighbouring countries.

East Prussia totally relied on coal from mainland Germany for power generation, so a treaty was signed by Poland and Germany in 1919, according to which Poland agreed to let Germany use 8 railway tracks to from Germany to East Prussia on the Polish land, in return Germany was to pay Poland on yearly basis a fixed amount to lease the railway lines for its use. This arrangement worked out perfectly up untill the economic collapse in 1929-1938. During the economic depression, because of severe financial constraints Germany requested Poland to allow them to pay for the lease of Railway lines in Reichmarks rather than in Polish Zloty. Poland refused to accept the payment in Reichmarks and started shutting down the railway lines one by one. Poland warned Germany that if it didn't paid the due lease amounts in Zloty, than that will be considered as a failiure to comply to the terms of Treaty of Versailles and that would mean that Poland will have to reclaim its debt on Germany by annexation of land. With winter approaching Hitler was forced to find a quick solution to the issue before Germans in East Prussia freeze to death without much needed supply of coal.

This issue of Germany's severed link to Western Prussia would ultimately become one of the three reasons behind German invasion of Poland.

After the issue of Polish corridor intensified in 1934, negotiations began between Adolf Hitler and Polish President Ignacy Mościcki. To find a mutual solution to the issue Adolf Hitler proposed quite generous concessions to Poland in order to reunification of Danzig with Germany and for a stable free movement zone to connect East Prussia to Germany once again. In return Adolf Hitler proposed that Germany would relinquish all its claims on the region of Posen and Germany would willingly cede long contested region of upper Silesia to Poland. Hitler also offered Poland free trade rights in Danzig and East Prussia. And to even make the deal sweeter for Poland, Adolf Hitler even proposed that Germany would even cede some territories of East Prussia to Poland. This proposal was sent to Poland on 24th September 1938.

Poland had negotiated with German government several times in the past to gain control of these above mentioned territories and none of the last twenty German governments had given such a credence to the issues and none had proposed such generous concessions to Poland. To the world, Poland expressed its enthusiasm about Hitler's proposal and stated its willingness for finding a peaceful resolution to its issues with Germany.  But it was all a facade covering Poland's real attentions of invading and waging a war with Germany. By January 1939, Polish President Ignacy Mościcki had already ordered his military generals to prepare a plan for the invasion of Germany in May 1939.

ATROCITIES COMMITTED AGAINST ETHNIC GERMANS IN POLAND

About this time Polish Jews started campaigns of terror and extreme violence against ethnic Germans and Ukrainians living in west Prussia. 120,000 ethnic Germans were forced to move out of their homes in Polish controlled region of West Prussia. When the violent attacks on ethnic Germans by Poles became more brutal and more frequent, fearing for their safety ethnic Germans started fleeing to Danzig and Germany. By July 1939, there were more than 370,000 ethnic German refugees from Poland in Danzig and Germany. While these ethnic Germans were now relatively safe, thousands of ethnic Germans still in West Prussia became victims of heinous pogroms in the hands of Polish Jews. In remote villages of West Prussia, house to house searches for ethnic Germans were being conducted by Poles. Some ethnic Germans were able to hide with the help of numerous Polish villagers but in many villages nearly all of the ethnic German population was forced into the woods and there they were forced to dig their own graves before being brutally slaughtered. As many as 170,000 ethnic Germans were executed by Polish Jews in a very systematic and well organised manner throughout the region of Posen in West Prussia.

By September of 1939, majority of the German population of Danzig had already fled to Germany but many ethnic Germans refused to flee from their homes in fear of Polish atrocities. Around 25,000 ethnic Germans were still in the city when Poles began rounding up all the ethnic Germans in Danzig. What followed was one of the most heinous act of genocide. More than 10,000 ethnic German men, women and children were massacred in the streets of Danzig. Women and young girls were repeatedly raped before being murdered. German men were tortured and mutilated before being killed. Their eyes were gouged out, their tongues were pulled, penis of many men were cut off and stuffed in their throats and even children were smashed into the walls. Danzig massacre was one of the most heinous and brutal crime committed against humanity and despite this there was not even a single mention about this tragedy by the allies during Nuremburg Trials or in historic documents.

More than 180,000 ethnic Germans were savagely slaughtered by Poles prior to the start of Second World War, yet not a single surviving Polish soldier or civilian was ever charged or punished for these crimes. Many Polish soldiers and civilians who committed these atrocities, not only remained free but even became famous politicians in Poland after the war. Despite all these Polish crimes against ethnic Germans, they are always considered as victims of Nazi atrocities. While even the smallest of the Nazi crimes were showcased in an exaggerated form to the whole world, the Polish genocide of ethnic Germans was very conveniently swept under the rug because it wasn't something that allies wanted the world to know. A statement that Winston Churchill made after the Second World War clearly shows the attitude allies had towards their own human right abuses and war crimes during the war. Churchill stated,"Only crimes against humanity in the Second World War were the crimes committed by Germans against Jew". Indirectly what Chirchill announced was, no matter what atrocities Allies committed against Germans, they won't be answerable to anybody for those crimes because only crimes committed against humanity that will be recognised as such will be what Germans did to Jews.

PACT WITH RUSSIA AND INVASION OF POLAND

Adolf Hitler talked to the leaders of Britain and France and told them the atrocities being committed against ethnic Germans cannot be ignored anymore and the solution to the issue of Danzig and Polish Corridor has to be resolved as soon as possible. Neither PM of Britain Neville Chamberlain nor the French President gave any credence to Hitler's requests. On the other hand Poland had no intentions of negotiating with Germany at all, instead Poland was hoping to annex more of Germany's territories by invading it. France and Britain had already given assurances to Poland that if war broke out between Poland and Germany, then they would also declare wars on Germany. Polish President Ignacy Mościcki had grossly overestimated his own country's military strength and quite naively underestimated Germany's capabilities.

Polish military analysts had utterly miscalculated the capability of German Wehrmacht. They had formulated plans to occupy all German land East of Berlin and they assured Mościcki that German forces will be defeated within two weeks. After Poland received assurances from French and British leaders, Poland quite blatantly adopted a more intimidating and threatening tone in their communiques with Germany. And when atrocities being committed against ethnic Germans didn't stop, Hitler was left with no choice but to invade Poland to ensure the survival of remaining ethnic Germans. Hitler was aware of the fact that both Britain and France have been waiting for just the right opportunity to declare war on Germany.

And if Germany invaded Poland, Hitler was certain that Germany would find itself in war with both France and Britain, but what he was really wary of was how would Russia react. Because if Britain and France convinced Stalin to attack Germany then there was no doubt that Germany would find itself in a two way war on both western and eastern fronts. But Hitler also knew that after 1919, Poland had invaded Russia twice and had annexed its territories so there was still a chance that some kind of pact could be made with Stalin.

Adolf Hitler sent his foreign minister Joachim Von Ribbentrop to Moscow to negotiate with Soviet Union about mutual agreement. And on 23rd August 1939, German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop and Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov signed a mutual non aggression pact and agreed that when Germany would invade Poland for west then at the same time Russia too will attack Poland from East. This agreement assured Hitler that even in the worst case scenario Germany will only have to contend with France and Britain.

German Wehrmacht invaded Poland on 1st September 1939 and Soviet invasion of Poland began on 16th September 1939. Polish military was totally outmatched by the German Wehrmacht and by 6th October 1939, entire Poland was under Nazi and Soviet control. Germany took over only the territory that was it was forced to cede in the treaty of Versailles and rest of the Polish territory was taken over by Soviet Union.

The invasion of Poland would eventually turn out to be the trigger for the Second World War. But Adolf Hitler had no intentions of expanding the war. In the days following the victory in Poland, Hitler sent many messages to Britain via German Ambassador in London. Germany very clearly stated that it had no desire to occupy Poland, and its only objective was to secure a passage to East Prussia and secure the port town of Danzig where heinous atrocities were being committed against ethnic Germans by Polish Jews. 

But British PM Neville Chamberlain was forced not to respond to any of Germany's peace proposals. Zionists in Britain who were some of the richest men of Europe wanted a war to be declared on Germany and their front man Winston Churchill was doing all he can to achieve this objective. Winston Churchill truly despised Germany ever since the First World War. Within a few days of Germany's peace proposals, Winston Churchill stated "we can have peace with Germany if we want to do so, but we want total destruction of Germany and to wipe it of the face of the earth".

British PM Neville Chamberlain was an idealist and he believed in the notion of peace at any cost. Chamberlain knew that if war broke out in Europe, it will result in such a huge loss of life that numbers will make First World War look like a walk in the park. Chamberlain also realised that even the smallest of wars between Britain or France with Germany will quickly expand into a much wider, global scaled war. Hence, he laid all his emphasis on maintaining peace at all costs. But another factor behind Chamberlain's acceptance of Hitler's demands was that he truly believed that Germany's demands were just. Chamberlain also believed that The terms of the treaty of Versailles were unjust and were disproportionately harsh on Germany. Because of Chamberlains soft domeanor his own party betrayed him and supported Winston Churchill to take the place of Chamberlain as the new British PM.

Winston Churchill was a hothead, aggressive, extremely confrontational and a certified war monger. When Churchill took office, the countdown for the Second World War began and the yes eyes of the world were fixed on Europe.

In a last ditch effort to avoid war with Britain, Adolf Hitler sent Rudolph Hess to London negotiate for peace with Britain but Rudolph Hess was arrested and imprisoned. On the same day British PM Neville Chamberlain gave an ultimatum to Germany to immediately withdraw its troops from Poland especially Danzig and when Adolf Hitler refused to do so, Britain declared war on Germany. On the very next day France too declared war on Germany.

AFTER THE INVASION OF POLAND

German forces defeated the under equipped Polish Army in 35 days. But the fact was Poland despite its outdated weapons and under-equipped and under-supplied forces was no pushover. Not even Nazi Generals had anticipated such a quick and decisive victory in Poland. Another reason behind Hitler's invasion of Poland was to test his ultra modern Wehrmacht. Hitler was elated by the success of Wehrmarcht in Poland. After the defeat of Poland, Hitler tried to broker a deal with Britain and France, but both countries rejected his proposal and declared war on Germany. As British forces started amassing at the French-Belgian border, Hitler decided to launch a preemptive attack on France and Britain. His Generaks tried to dissuade him because they feared that launching an attack at such a huge front would weaken the strength of German Wehrmarcht. But Hitler remained adamant, and Germany invaded France on 10th May 1940. German Panzer divisions under Heinz Guderian raced across the France and within 15 days, he was just 50kms from Paris. 

Allies sufferd heave losses and were eventually cornered in the French Port City of Dunkirk. More than 300,000 soldiers of British expeditionary forces and nearly 100,000 French soldiers were besieged by the nearly 600 Panzer tanks commanded by Guderian. Guderian asked Hitler for permission to launch the final assault on Dunkirk, but Hitler still hopefully about peace with Britain asked Guderian to maintain his position 3 kms outside of Dunkirk. Adolf Hitler thought that if more than 300,000 British soldiers besieged in Dunkirk died in the process of taking over the city than this would negate any possibility of truce between Germany and Britain. Furthermore Hitler thought that if he gave enough time for the besieged allied troops to surrender in Dunkirk rather than storming in with 600 Panzer tanks then that will definitely help in peace talks with Britain. But what Hitler didn't realise was that Britain had already started their mass evacuation of troops from Dunkirk on 27th May. 

British Navy at that time was spread throughout the British Empire in India, Asia Pacific, Australia, HongKong due to possibility Japanese attacks. A significant number of Battle Ships and destroyers were stationed on the Eastern coast of British Isles. Most of the ships that were available in the English Channel were mainly destroyers and frigates which could carry only limited number of soldiers. Hence on 26th May 1940, PM Winston Churchill requested assistance from British civilians and asked that any vessel more than 30ft in length should assist in evacuation of British and French troops from Dunkirk. In an unbelievable gesture of patriotism and care for the troops more than 800 civilian vessels joined up with 400 Royal Navy vessels to evacuate 400,000 troops from Dunkirk. And by 1st June 1940, 375,000 soldiers were rescued from Dunkirk. Approximately 25,000 Soldiers lost their lives during the battle at Dunkirk and 54 Civilians with their 23 boats fell victim to the Luftwaffe attacks during the evacuation.

This was a major setback for Hitler but his morale was boosted back up when German forces marched into Paris on 14th June 1940. And Wehrmarcht reached southern coast of France on 22nd June 1940. Germany had won a surprisingly quick and absolute victory over one of the European power in just 6 weeks. If Hitler was happy with the victory of Poland then after Victory over France he was over the moon.

Adolf Hitler was a brilliant man, a shrewd politician, a progressive leader and an excellent strategist. But he often allowed his ego to get the better of him. His narcistic, egomaniacal and over-optimistic mind was his only weakness as a leader and became the ultimate reason for his downfall. Such a fast victory in Poland and France swelled his already huge ego tenfold. Now Hitler was assured that no country in the world could stop him now. Upto now his only ambition had been to unite all the German speaking populations of the region that Germany was forced to cede in 1918. But after such a fast victory in Poland and France changed his ambitions from securing the freedon and security of the German speaking people to ambitions of creating a German Reich covering all of Europe. Hitler now dreamed of a German Reich that nobody could compete with and nobody could oppose. But Germany was still dependant on raw materials from the Scandanavian countries like Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and Finland. German Wehrmarcht quickly raced across the Scandanavia and occupied all of the countries. Sweden was already an ally of Germany so it happily joined the reich.

After the Scandanavian countries, Adolf Hitler plagued by his ego and overambition made a huge decision which virtually sealed the fate of German reich. Although Hitler had made a non aggression pact with Russia but he truly despised Stalin and had always considered communism to be the biggest enemy of national socialism. Moreover the non aggression pact with Russia was made more out of a strategic need of the time rather than any desire of maintaining friendly relations with Russia. Exactly a year to the day after the Victory over France in 22 June 1940, Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa on 22nd June 1941. Despite several attempts of his elite Generals and military planners to convince him of stalling the attack on Russia for another year till the forces could replenished to the maximum, Hitler went ahead with the Operation Barbarossa. As fate had it this was to be the last offensive action taken by Germany in the Second World War. After this Nazi forced would always be on the defensive and face the allied offensives.

Adolf Hitler's pride and his ego would be shattered in the cold freezing expanses of Russian wilderness. Eventually the losses suffered during Operation Barbarossa would never be replenished and the might of German Wehrmarcht would only dwindle away a bit by bit over the remaining years of war. If Hitler had stopped after the invasion of Poland, because of Germany's pact with Russia, there was a good chance of peace with France and Brittain. Even after the occupation of France and Scandanavia, if Hitler had decided to curtail his expansionary ambitions and continued to honour his non aggression pact with Russia, there was no way Britain and US could have managed to defeat Germany. What caused the eventual collapse of Reich was the two front war with Russia on the East and allied forces on the west. 

Adolf Hitler's narcistic ego and over-ambitious thinking paved the way for the destruction the Third Reich that he had toiled for over 12 years to construct. 

HITLER'S ANTISEMITIC BELIEFS

This has been one of the most passionately and emotionally debated topic of twenty first century. The horrendous images of huge piles of human bodies reduced to mere skeletons would remain imprinted forever in the memory of all those who saw them. But was the extent of atrocities truly reported or were they deliberately exaggerated for some unknown and unseen sinister purpose and reason.

After the Second World War, allies claimed that over 6 million German and Polish Jews died in the Nazi concentration camps. Six million is a huge number and this was not the first time this number had been associated with persecution of the Jewish people. First time this number appeared in connection to the Jewish persecutions was in the "The New York Times" edition of 25th March 1906, in an article of Dr. Paul Nathan describing the atrocities committed against Jews in Russia. In this article Dr. Nathan reported that 6 million Russian Jews were murdered by government forces under the Czarist Rule. Dr. Nathan reported one specific thing that would be used once again in 1940s. He reported that "Russian government stated that final solution to the Jewish question would be settles by systematic extermination of Jews". As it would turn out, these words "Final solution to the Jewish question" will be used once again for describing Nazi atrocities against Jews 35 years later.

Second instance of this number of Six Million being associated with Jewish persecution, appeared on 8th September 1919 edition of The New York Times once again. This time it was reported that Ukrainian and Polish Jews around 6 million in total are facing threats of complete extermination. It's quite strange how each time there is some kind of threat towards the Jews, they inevitably bring out this number of six million each and every time. 

Third time this number appeared in 6th February 1920 edition of Toronto World Newspaper in an article reporting that around 6 million Jews are facing imminent death in Eastern Europe because of diseases and starvation caused by Governmental and Authoritarian neglect and mistreatment of Jews.Then this magical number appears once again a year later in 20th February 1921 edition of The New York Times once gain. The article reported that 6 million Jews are being exterminated by massacre and starvation in Eastern Europe. Pogrom waged against Jewish communities had resulted in thousand of casualties. Its necessary to note that in 1921 many American publications were owned by prominent Jewish families as was the case with the New York Times which was owned by the renowned Jewish family 'The Sulzbergers'. 

And then this number appeared in the newspapers all over the world when allies claimed that nazis had killed over 6 million Jews during the course of Second World War. This number of six million had been utilised by allies time and time again as means of propagandising and spreading the hatred about Nazis and specifically Adolf Hitler.

Like Adolf Hitler himself said once,"Victors will never be asked if they are telling the truth". And the part of the story that allies distorted, fabricated and altered was the part that included the Jewish Holocaust. There is no doubt that Hitler blamed Jews for the Germany's defeat in First World War and the disastrous times that followed after the war. But by Jews he meant Zionist Jewish Bankers like Rothschild and Warburgs. Adolf Hitler never issued any order for the extermination of the Jews. The document that Allies claim was the root cause of the Jewish suffering in Germany, the So called Final Solution for Jewish Question, never existed and the specimen that allies produced at the Nuremberg trials is today internationally considered a forgery. Hitler treated German Jews the same way Roosevelt treated Japanese-Americans. Right from the time Hitler came to power, Jewish Organisations all over the world were conspiring against Hitler and Germany. Mind you in 1933, Neither Hitler and nor the Nazi Party had done anything against the Jews of Germany but irrespective of this, the Jewish organisations all over the world were making provocative and derogatory statements against Nazis and Germany. Most notable was the 1933 declaration of World Jewish Congress which appeared in all international publications with the headline "JUDEA DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY".

In March 1933, along with this declaration of war by Jews all over the world on Germany, Jewish political and religious leaders also demanded the ban on sale and purchase of German made goods. this was a direct threat to already struggling economy of Germany. At a time when Adolf a Hitler was doing all he could to revive the dying economy of Germany, any reduction in the international trade of German made goods would have made the chances of recovery more and more unlikely. Despite this, neither Hitler and nor any of his nazi ministers made any statements regarding this deliberate act of provocation.

In the article under the headline of  "judea declares war on Germany", the world Jew Association stated that Jews all over the world stand united with the 600,000 Jews of Germany. So if there were only 600,000 Jews in Germany then where did Nazis get the remaining 5,400,000 Jews from, which they allegedly killed in their concentration camps. These kind of discrepancies and distortions of the details is a common trend throughout all the documented reports about the Jewish Holocaust. And it  is these discrepancies, distortions and fabrication of the key details about the Holocaust, what makes this alleged tragedy highly bizzare and totally unbelievable.

Allied nations controlled by international Zionist Bankers, really pushed this story of Jewish Holocaust, after the surrender of Germany. But reality was quite opposite to what the Zionist lobby wanted the world to believe. Yes Hitler blamed Jews for many things but he had no notion of extermination of the Jewish people. On 25th August 1933, Adolf Hitler signed Ha'avara agreement with the Zionist Jewish Lobby in Germany for the migrations of German Jews to the state of Palestine along with their financial assets. As many as 125,000 German Jews migrated to Palestine. Migrating Jews sold all their property and assets in Germany and deposited the money with the Nazi Government's Finance Department. Nazi Finance department then made an agreement with a bank in Cairo and from there the money was sent to migrated Jews in Palestine. Nazi Government even paid for the transfer and settlement of nearly 20,000 Jewish people in Palestine. If Adolf Hitler had an aim of exterminating Jews then why would he arrange for their migration to Palestine. And once the migrating Jews had deposited their money to the Nazi Government, why would he send the money to the Jewish Families in Palestine.

Adolf Hitler's own propaganda minister Joseph Goebbles traveled to Palestine with one of the migrating German Jewish family. There he commemorated the settlement of German Jews in Palestine by presenting them a special medallion with Nazi Swastika on one side and the Star of David on the other. Over half a million of these commemorative medallions were minted between 1933 and 1944. Now you can think on your own, that do all these things seem possible to have been facilitated and arranged by someone who wanted Jews to be exterminated. This clearly shows that Adolf Hitler had no desire for the extermination of the Jewish people of Germany. At the most he distrusted the rich Zionist Bankers for the part they played in decline of Germany after the First World War. Sure Hitler would have loved if most German Jews had migrated to Palestine but he never did anything, not even close to what Allies blame Hitler for.

On 1st September 1939, Germany invaded Poland in an attempt of stopping the atrocities being committed against ethnic Germans. And by 6th October 1939, war had ended with a resounding German win. Polish population at that time was primarily made up of ethnic Polish, Slav and Russian Jews. And Hitler really saw thousands of Polish Jews as possible threat to the internal stability of the German society and economy. It was exactly similar to the kind of threat, US President F.D.Roosevelt felt from his Japanese-American citizens after the tragic attack on Pearl Harbour by Imperial forces of Japan. To safeguard America from any internal threats posed by Japanese-American citizens, more than 120,000 Japanese-Americans were forcefully moved into internment camps, all over the East Coast of America. Many Japanese-Americans also died during their internment. So why blame only one person for a crime when other person who has committed the same crime is ignored.

Many people might not know this but Adolf Hitler's personal driver and friend for nearly 23 years Emil Maurice was a Jew. Maurice remained with Hitler from the time Hitler became a prominent NSDAP leader in 1923 to the day Hitler died in 1946. In total more than 150,000 German Jews served in the forces of the third reich. Included in these Jewish soldiers were 2 Field Marshals, 15 Generals, 2 Full Generals, 8 Lieutenant Generals and 5 Major Generals. During the course of the Second World War, 20 German Jewish Soldiers received the highest military honor "The Knight's Cross", 126 received Iron Cross 2nd Class and 25 received Iron Cross 1st Class.  Some of the famous Nazi Jewish Soldiers who served in third Reich were Luftwaffe General and Knight's Cross recipient Helmut Wilberg, Colonel. Walter Hollander, German Navy Admiral Bernhardt Rogge, Knight's Cross recipient U-Boat Commander Paul Ascher and Field Marshal Erhard Milch. Isn't is strange that for somebody who according to allies truly loathed Jews, to have so many decorated Jewish Officers in his Army, Navy and Air Force. If Nazis were exterminating Jews like Allies would like us to believe then why would so many Jewish men and women serve in the military of third Reich. And even if they were serving, why would Adolf Hitler present these Jewish soldiers with so many honours and medals. 

Now let's recount the clear contradictions that refutes the theory of Adolf Hitler being a hardcore anti-Semitic.

Close relationship of Adolf Hitler with Jewish young boys during his stay at youth hostel in Munich.

Ha'avara agreement with zionists for relocation of Jews to Palestine.

Nazi Government sponsoring the expenses for migration of poor Jews to Palestine.

Commemorating the German Jew migration to Palestine with specially minted medallion.

Adolf Hitler's close relationship with his Jewish driver and friend Emil Maurice for 23 years.

Allowance for as many as 150,000 German Jews to serve in the Nazi Army.

Promoting many Jewish Nazi officers to highest ranks in their respective forces,

Honouring Jewish Soldiers with some of the highest and most prestigious awards in Nazi Germany.

Problem was that a Jewish tolerant Adolf Hitler did not fit in the hoax perpetuated by the Allies. Allies needed a deliberately created myth of a genocidal and barbaric Hitler, to manipulate the mindset of their civilian populations and to enrage them to such an extent that they themselves start demanding a militaristic intervention in the ongoing mythical Jewish Exterminations. It is a great tragedy that a man who loved his country and strived for absolute developement of his citizens, would end up being considered the most Evil Man in the history of mankind.

CONCLUSION

Adolf Hitler might have hated the Zionist Jewish Bankers who deliberately conspired for the defeat of Germany in WWI, but he never harboured any intentions for extermination of the Jewish people. Quite opposite to the statements of Allies, Adolf Hitler was a brave man who served his duty in Army with zealous fanaticism and utmost passion. Quite unlike many of the British and American leaders who served in the Army, hiding behind administrative desks and completely avoiding to serve at front lines, Hitler served all his time in Army fighting at the frontline in the muddy trenches. And evidence of his bravery are the honours and medals he received for his courage and valor during the First World War.

Adolf Hitler joined politics with only one goal in mind and that was to restore honour and prosperity in Germany and among its citizens. Yes, Hitler was an authoritarian and a dictator because that was the only way he could implement and adopt radical changes he wanted to make to revive the economy of Germany. Moreover Hitler had always partially blamed the German politicians for the crisis Germany was in at that time. And the fact that these politicians had been in power for 15 years after the Treaty of Versailles, yet the life of a common German kept on deteriorating, and this assured Hitler that German politicians were worthless and his government would be much better with all these suit wearing crooks out of the Reichstag. Past Governments of Germany from 1919 to 1932, totally ignored the ever worsening life of German citizens and this neglect resulted in deaths of millions of Germans from starvation, disease and cold. So, Hitler knew that as long as these corrupt individuals remained within the German political circle, they would continously conspire against him and his government. So he eliminated these broken gears in the cog wheel of German politics. And it is a testament to Hitler's intellegence and ingenuity that within just 2 years of being in power, he was successful in creating over 8 million jobs in Germany. He even revived the large Industrial as well as small scale industrial sector and doubled the per capita income of an average German.

But, what was eventually going to put Germany in the opposite corner against the Allied nations, Hitler's concern for the welfare of the German speaking people who were forcefully placed under foreign rule. These ethnic Germans were being persecuted for their ethnicity, and despite numerous appeals to Allies, they were not doing anything to solve the crisis looming over ethnic Germans living in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Austria and France. But Allies were quick to threaten Germany when Adolf Hitler refused to sit by idle and watch the slaughter of ethnic Germans in Poland and Danzig, and attacked Poland. Allies completely ignored to ascertain the desire of inhabitants of German contested territories. If they had cared to investigate then they would have soon found out that over 97% of the inhabitants of the contested regions had voted for reunification with Germany.

After invasion of Poland and securing the lives of ethnic Germans of Danzig, Memelland, Saarland, Sudaten regions, Adolf Hitler had no intention of waging war against anybody, anymore. That is why Adolf Hitler tried his best to forge a peace between Germany, France and Britain. But sadly the leaders of Britain, France and their ally United States were now hell bent on war and Adolf Hitler was left with no other option but to reciprocate with equal aggression and force.

The Legacy of Adolf Hitler has been buried under the cover of deception, lies, coercion and inaccurate facts. For nearly 70 years, we identified Adolf Hitler with the distorted perception that Allies gave us. But thanks to some honourable and honest people, the truth has finally started to reveal itself. Everyday more and more people are becoming aware about the truth and factual knowledge about the web of lies perpetuated by Allied nations. I hope soon people will start to see Adolf Hitler, not as a brutal, genocidal and megalomaniac  but as a true German Patriot, great and courageous leader who worked and died for betterment of his country and his people.

  "only victors get to tell the story, and nobody will ever ask them, if they are telling the truth".

                                                                                                                           Adolf Hitler (1942)